Healthy Meals for Nursing Moms

Breastfeeding mothers often hear advice about what they should and should not eat to ensure they are providing adequate nutrition in their breast milk. There are no specific foods that a mother must eat or avoid while breastfeeding. The key is to eat a healthy diet. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) implies that nutritional needs will vary from woman to woman, but a balanced diet will provide adequate nutrition for both mother and baby.

Grains

According to the USDA, an average-sized woman should receive adequate nutrition from each of the food groups. For example, an average-sized woman should consume about 8 ounces of grains in a day. Half of those grains should be whole. Brown rice, whole wheat pasta and whole wheat bread are all good sources of whole grains. For breakfast, try eating an unsweetened whole grain cereal or whole wheat toast. Make sandwiches with whole wheat bread for lunch or try whole wheat macaroni and cheese. Cook whole wheat spaghetti with meatballs and pasta sauce for dinner, or make brown rice pilaf as a side dish.

Vegetables

The USDA recommends an average-sized woman aim for about 3 cups of vegetables per day. Veggies can be incorporated into healthy meals in a variety of ways. For snacks, eat carrots and celery sticks with a veggie dip. Baked white or sweet potatoes make excellent side dish choices. Buy fresh vegetables that are in season and steam them. Add a dash of salt and pepper to give them some flavor. Don't forget salads; leafy green vegetables such as spinach and kale pack a big nutritional punch.

Fruit

Two cups of fruit per day is recommended by the USDA for the nursing mother. Once again, buy fresh fruits in season. They taste better and cost less than if bought out of season. Keep fresh fruit on hand and snack on that when feeling hungry. Fresh grapes and bananas make good choices. Make a fresh fruit salad for dessert. Frozen fruits are good choices, too. Try topping frozen yogurt with frozen blueberries, or add frozen fruit to a smoothie.

Dairy

Calcium is important for the nursing mother. The USDA recommends a nursing mother get about 3 cups of dairy products per day. Milk is a good choice for dairy; however, a mother does not have to drink milk to make breast milk. Adequate calcium can be found in cheese, yogurt and foods made from milk. These foods can provide a mother with all her dairy needs.

Protein

An average-sized woman should eat about 6.5 ounces of protein-rich foods per day, according to the USDA. Lean meats such as chicken, lean ground beef and turkey are good choices. Fish, especially salmon, is rich in protein and healthy omega 3 fats. Beans, peas and lentils are good protein choices, as well.

Beverages and Extras

The rule is to drink to thirst. Water is the best choice. Limit sweetened and caffeinated beverages. Some babies will react to caffeine. Two to 3 cups of coffee or other caffeinated beverages is okay. Extra, empty calorie foods should be limited. Having a piece of cake or candy bar every now and then will not hurt anything, but these foods should not make up the bulk of the nursing mother's diet.

How to Use Frozen Breast Milk

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding infants for 6 to 12 months. Many mothers return to work or school full time, yet still wish to continue feeding their infant breast milk exclusively, requiring the need to freeze breast milk for later use. It's very important to properly handle frozen breast milk to ensure that the milk does not become contaminated, posing a danger to the baby.

Instructions

1

Wash your hands. Always wash your hands before handling breast milk to reduce the chances of contamination.

2

Clean and sterilize bottles, nipples and caps. Do this to kill any unwanted germs and bacteria that could infect the breast milk and cause the baby to get sick. You can submerge these items in a pot of boiling water or use one of the many bottle sterilizers on the market.

3

Remove frozen breast milk from the freezer. Always put dates on your frozen breast milk containers or bags so you can keep track of them and rotate the milk you use, always selecting the oldest milk first.

4

Thaw frozen breast milk. Frozen breast milk can be thawed in the refrigerator, under a warm running faucet or by sitting the frozen breast milk container in a bowl of warm water.

5

Feed the baby the entire bottle. If the baby stops eating midway through the feeding for any reason, throw the milk out. Once the baby has been eating from a bottle, the bacteria from her mouth can get into the milk and multiply, making her very sick.

Things That a Premature Baby Needs

Premature babies, or babies born before 37 weeks, may have special needs, according to the Kids Health website. To keep a premature baby healthy and happy, new parents may need to purchase some unexpected, extra supplies. A premature baby, or premie, can have medical issues or may have trouble adjusting to life outside of the womb. Regardless, a preemie will need a little extra loving care to help him to stay healthy and grow strong.

Premie Clothing and Diapers

Most newborn clothing fits babies who are 6 to 9 lbs. However, if a baby is born before full term, she may not fit into these clothes. Preemie clothing fits babies who are born at 5 lbs. or under. Some infants have a tendency to scratch at their eyes with their fingernails, so be sure the clothing has fold-over mittens to protect the baby. Also, premature infants need specially sized diapers as well.

Breast-Feeding Needs

Breast-feeding is the healthiest choice for feeding an infant, but for a premature baby, this can be a very challenging task. Some premies have not developed the sucking reflex yet, so they may have difficulty latching on to the breast. Nipple shields are silicone nipples that fit over the mother's breast and help the baby to latch on and receive milk, says Kelly Bonyata, an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant. Premature babies may have difficulty breast-feeding, so mothers should consult a local lactation consultant to help resolve breast-feeding issues and get much needed support.

Head Support

Most premies will be too small for standard infant car seats, and a premature infant may not have the strength to turn his head if he has trouble breathing, says KidsHealth.org. Therefore, it may be necessary to invest in extra padding for the car seat to help the baby breathe more comfortably and stay safe when he is riding in the car.

Medical Needs

Depending on when the infant was born, the baby may need medicines, oxygen or monitors when he comes home from the hospital. The doctors will discuss the baby's specific needs with the parent and provide all the advice and medical care necessary to help the infant mature into a strong and healthy baby.

How to Gain Weight While Breastfeeding

There are a variety of reasons why a woman may want to gain weight following a pregnancy. Many women actually lose weight during pregnancy due to excessive morning sickness and wish to regain their pre-pregnancy weight. Trying to gain weight can be very frustrating, and you might not be able to find a lot of help since most resources are directed at losing weight after pregnancy. There are, however, things you can do to successfully gain weight while maintaining your health.

Instructions

1

Record everything you eat and track your calorie intake for at least two weeks. This will allow you to figure out your average calorie intake so you know how much you need to increase your calorie intake.

2

Add at least 500 calories to your daily intake. The average woman burns 500 calories a day just from breastfeeding. In order to gain weight you need to compensate for that calorie loss. Once youve compensated for the calorie loss, add another 500 calories to put on weight.

3

Remain active, but keep track of how much you exercise. Youll need to compensate for those calories in your diet. Youll lose one pound for every 3500 calories you burn. So to prevent weight loss, you need to track the calories you burn and add it back into your diet.

4

Add protein and carbs to your diet to increase your calorie intake. You dont want to sacrifice your health in attempting to gain weight so you still want to avoid fatty junk foods. Try to increase the amount of chicken, fish, potatoes, pasta and rice.

5

Continue tracking your calorie intake each day, and weigh yourself once a week. You can adjust your calorie intake each week based on whether or not youve gained weight.

6

If you find you cant eat as much as you need to in order to gain weight, consider drinking a daily protein shake. Whey protein is fairly inexpensive and can be purchased at any GNC or other nutritional supplement store. You can add the whey powder to a milkshake or fruit smoothie.

How to Use Lansinoh

Lansinoh HPA Lanolin is a moisturizer designed to soothe nipples that are sore from breastfeeding. The cream can also be used on the entire breast or other dry skin areas. Lansinoh is made out of 100 percent pure lanolin, making it safe to leave on the nipples during breastfeeding.

Instructions

1

Wash hands with soap and water. Dry hands with a clean towel.

2

Squeeze a pea-size amount of Lansinoh onto your index finger.

3

Massage Lansinoh gently onto both nipples. Apply the cream before and after breastfeeding, before and after showering, before and after swimming and whenever the nipples are irritated or dry.

How to Breastfeed When You Work Fulltime

According to Baby Center, breastfeeding provides many benefits for both you and your baby. It reduces your baby's risk of things like respiratory illnesses, ear infections, digestive problems, meningitis, the development of allergies, obesity and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). It also reduces your risk of developing postpartum depression and some types of cancer. Breastfeeding can be challenging for women who work fulltime, though, because they aren't home when their baby needs to eat.

Instructions

1

Purchase a good breast pump so you can express milk for caregivers to feed your baby while you're at work. You can find inexpensive manual pumps at most drug stores, but an electric pump will be more efficient. You can find pumps that pump both breasts at once, too, making the process faster.

2

Start pumping breast milk a week or so before you return to work. That way you get used to the procedure and you'll have a supply of milk built up for your first few days back on the job.

3

Speak with your supervisor prior to returning to work to explain that you'll need periodic breaks to pump milk and a private area where you can pump. The Fair Labor Act requires employers to provide this. You'll need to pump your breasts about every two or three hours. Using a pump that pumps both breasts at the same time will shorten the amount of time it will take you to pump.

4

Store your expressed milk in glass or plastic bottles. Write the date on each bottle. Store them in the refrigerator if you have access to a refrigerator at work. Otherwise keep them in a small cooler with a couple of ice packs. Breast milk will stay fresh in a cooler with ice packs for up to 24 hours. Even if you use a refrigerator at work, use a cooler to transport the milk home at the end of the day.

5

Store breast milk in dated bottles in your refrigerator at home for up to three days or in your freezer for up to six months. Advise caregivers to thaw and warm the milk as needed to feed your baby while you're at work.

6

Nurse your baby yourself when you are at home.

How to Use Different Positions for Successful Breast-Feeding

Breast-feeding is a natural, wonderful part of parenting. It's not always easy at first, though, so here are some tips to help get you started.

Instructions

1

Get comfortable and relax to stimulate your milk ejection reflex (letdown).

2

Bring your baby close to your body, and support him or her by placing a hand behind his or her neck and shoulders - avoid gripping your baby's head, especially if it is bruised from a difficult delivery.

3

Support your breast with one hand, without squeezing too hard, then stroke your baby's cheek or tickle his chin and lips gently (with your nipple or a finger) to make your baby turn his or her head toward you and "root" for your nipple.

4

Direct your nipple so that it looks like it is pointing up your baby's nose - this will help position the nipple toward your baby's soft palate when he or she latches on.

5

Make sure your baby's lips are averted (turned out) rather than tucked in against your nipple. Gently avert the lip with a fingertip if necessary.

6

Unlatch your baby, if your baby has latched on incorrectly, by gently inserting the tip of a finger at the corner of his or her mouth. Reposition your baby and try again.

7

Once your baby has latched on, check to make sure that his or her nose is clear and not blocked by your breast.

8

Try the cradle hold, which entails sitting in a chair with several pillows or a nursing pillow on your lap and laying your baby across your lap. Turn your baby so that you are tummy to tummy and latch your baby on, supporting your baby behind the shoulders and neck if necessary.

9

Opt for the football hold and sit in a chair, with a nursing pillow or regular pillow on your lap. Hold your baby so that his or her feet extend to the side of you, rather than across your body - the position will seem like tucking your baby under your arm.

10

Support your baby by placing a hand behind his or her shoulders and neck, and latch your baby on by pulling him toward your breast with your supporting arm.

11

Try to sneak in a little bit of rest and breast-feed lying down on one side, with your bottom arm raised over your head and curled around your baby.

12

Lay the baby down, facing you, with his or her face at the level of your breast and draw your baby in close to you so that you are tummy-to-tummy. Latch him on, and support your baby with one hand or arm if necessary.

How to Wean a Baby to Whole Milk

Whether your baby is formula-fed or breastfed, she will eventually need to be weaned. Although it can be difficult to lose the bonding time you have with your baby while breastfeeding, they will eventually need to start drinking whole milk, especially when they get ready to go to day care or preschool. Transitioning a baby to whole milk can seem like a daunting task, but it does not have to be, as long as you take things slowly.

Instructions

1

Wait until your baby is at least 6 months old before you consider weaning him, recommends the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).

2

Replace one feeding of breast milk or formula per day with a serving of whole milk; do this for one week.

3

Watch for signs that your baby may be lactose intolerant--such as rashes, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation during the first week. If you see any of these symptoms of lactose intolerance, consult your baby's pediatrician.

4

Substitute two feedings per day of breast milk or formula with whole milk. Continue to do this for one week.

5

Continue replacing breast milk and formula feedings with whole milk until your baby is completely weened.

How to Increase a Baby's Weight

Babies have different growth rates, and some are chubby and some are thin. Parents become concerned when their babies seem too thin; however, as long as they stay on the growth curve, parents should not be concerned with their naturally thin babies as long as they pass their pediatrician's medical examination. The University of Virginia Health Systems says that concerned parents should talk to their infants' pediatrician or a lactation consultant before embarking on a program to increase a baby's weight.

Instructions

1

Visit your pediatrician to make sure infant does not suffer from an illness that is stunting development. Some new mothers depend on advice from other people on how to increase their babies' weights; however, medical professionals can give new parents sound instructions and can make sure babies are really experiencing weight gain issues.

2

Continue breastfeeding infants at least five times a day. Pediatricians may recommend continued breastfeeding to ensure that babies get the nutrients they need. The nutrients and fats in breast milk help increase a baby's weight.

3

Some new mothers may not produce enough milk to satisfy their new babies. Mothers should watch their babies after feeding. If they cry, this signals that they are not getting enough nutrients. To increase a baby's weight, you can add formula to the breastfeeding routine. Contact a lactation consultant for help if necessary, and for more suggestions.

4

Begin solid foods. The University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources says that infants can begin solid food between four to six months of age. Before contemplating this option to increase a baby's weight, parents should bring their babies to the pediatrician to make sure their infants meet particular milestones, like being able to support their neck independently.

How to Sleep Train a 6 Month Old

Many parents find sleep training necessary for six-month-old babies who are not already sleeping through the night. Sleep training consists of teaching your baby to fall asleep on his own and stay asleep, thus allowing you also to sleep through the night. Some babies, such as premature or exclusively breastfeeding babies, may not be ready for sleep training at six months of age. If your child is still waking for a night nursing session after a week or two of sleep training, he may need more time before he is able to sleep through the night.

Instructions

1

Start a bedtime routine for your baby. Give her a warm bath, dress her warmly, cuddle with her and give her a last feeding. This routine should remain the same for your baby and start at close to the same time each night.

2

Cuddle and rock your baby until he is close to falling asleep but still has his eyes open. Being in a drowsy state but awake when you lay him down starts the association of falling asleep with his bed instead of in your arms.

3

Lay your baby in her bed and lightly cover her. Do not pull the blanket up past the middle of her chest, and make sure the blanket is lightweight, if one is needed at all.

4

Leave the room and pull the door closed. If your baby begins to fuss, go in his room and rub his chest gently until he calms down. Leave the room again. Repeat this process until he has fallen asleep.

5

Check on your baby if she wakes in the middle of the night, and tend to her needs. Do not talk or turn on a light when taking care of her during the night. The extra stimulation of lights and sounds makes it harder for your baby to quickly get to sleep.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Breast vs. Bottle

Choosing to breastfeed or bottle-feed is a very personal decision for mothers. The American Pregnancy Association recommends breastfeeding if possible, but many mothers find it difficult or inconvenient. Bottle-feeding a baby is not necessarily unhealthy, and many babies thrive on formula. Parents need to be well-informed before making the decision to bottle-feed or breastfeed, as both have their advantages and disadvantages.

Breastfeeding Advantages

One of the advantages of breastfeeding is that breast milk contains all the nutrition a baby needs, as long as the mother leads a healthy lifestyle and eats a nutritious diet. Breast milk contains some nutrients that are not present in formula, and because of this, breastfed babies are less likely to have skin problems, asthma, allergies and ear infections. Breast milk is also easier to digest and is the best way to meet the nutritional needs of a baby. Breastfeeding is free, does not require any preparation and is always the right temperature.

Breastfeeding Disadvantages

Breastfeeding can be very demanding, especially in the first few months, as babies need to eat as often as once an hour, day and night. For some mothers, breastfeeding can also be painful in the beginning, until the baby learns how to breastfeed properly. A mother also needs to lead a healthy lifestyle and always be present when the baby needs to eat. A working mother must pump and bottle breast milk at work to be able to provide the food for her baby. Pumping can take longer than breastfeeding and has to be done multiple times a day to maintain the supply.

Bottle-Feeding Advantages

Many parents find bottle-feeding to be very convenient because Mom can have somebody else feed the baby and wake up during the night -- at least part of the time. Bottle-feeding can also help fathers feel more included in the baby's life, as Dad can bond with baby during feedings. Babies who are bottle-fed usually feel fuller for longer periods of time, as the formula takes more time to digest, which means they need to be fed less often. Mothers also do not need to follow specific nutritional guidelines; therefore, they can diet or drink caffeine, among other restrictions for breastfeeding moms.

Bottle-Feeding Disadvantages

One of the disadvantages of bottle-feeding is the cost. Depending on the formula brand, bottles and other accessories, bottle-feeding can cost parents between $54 and $198 a month at the time of publication, according to the American Pregnancy Association. Bottle-feeding also means that parents need to prepare bottles and wash them multiple times a day. While some babies drink their bottles cold or at room temperature, many prefer the formula warm. This can be a disadvantage for parents, as heating up bottles takes time and it can be inconvenient to warm bottles when you're not at home.

What Are Bottle Liners?

Because breastfeeding is the most natural way for a baby to be fed, bottle liners were introduced as an innovative means to mimic the breastfeeding experience while feeding a baby with a bottle. Bottle liners are just one of many types of bottle-feeding accessories available to parents today.

General Information

Using a bottle with a "drop-in" or bottle liner can encourage breastfeeding babies to take a bottle while still nursing. Because the drop-in mimics the breast as it collapses while nursing, breastfed babies are more likely to alternate between bottle and breast using this method. Many nursing mothers prefer bottle liners to traditional bottles.

Advantages

Fresh bottle liners are clean, sterile and disposable. They don't require washing or sanitizing because they should be thrown away after each use. Bottle liners eliminate excess air intake because they collapse as they empty. This leads to less gas for baby. Playtex claims that its bottle liners are "clinically proven to reduce gas, colic, and spit-up." They also eliminate the need for numerous bottles; only one bottle is actually needed if you are using bottle liners. This can free up space in the kitchen by eliminating clutter.

Disadvantages

Bottle liners can be costly because they cannot be reused. They can also create an inconvenience if ample supplies are not available. Running out of bottle liners with a hungry baby in the middle of the night is not a desirable situation. It is recommended that bottle liners not be heated in the microwave. Additionally, if the liner is not applied correctly, the bottle may leak.

Precautions

According to the Environmental Working Groups, "The soft plastic liners may leach chemicals into formula and breast milk, especially when heated." It is important to thoroughly read and follow all of the instructions provided with the bottle liners before using them.

Breast Firming Exercises After Childbirth

Pregnancy and childbirth causes many physical changes to a woman's body. For many mothers, the breasts suffer the most drastic changes. Hormonal changes cause the breasts to start increasing in size after the first eight weeks of pregnancy, sometimes up to two cup sizes larger. After childbirth and/or breastfeeding, the breasts often decrease in size and volume, leaving a mother with droopy or saggy breasts. There are exercises that can be done to target the pectoral muscles, the muscles of the upper part of the chest that underlay the breast tissue and move the arm across the body, raise some of the ribs and move the shoulders. Strong, toned pecs lift the breasts and make them firmer and look larger.

Pectoral Press

To do the pectoral press, lie flat on your back, bend your knees, and outstretch your arms to each side. With 3- to 5-pound weights in each hand, slowly bring your arms together, hold for one second and then slowly lower your arms again to your sides. Start at a lower set of repetitions and sets until you build up to three sets with 10 to 12 reps every other day.

Butterfly Press

To complete the butterfly press, you need two 3- to 5-pound weights and a chair. Sit on the edge of the chair, straighten your back and let your arms rest at your sides. Slowly raise your arms out to the side until they are at shoulder level. Hold this position for four or five counts, and then slowly return your arms to starting position. Work your way up to three sets of five to seven repetitions every other day.

Inverted Push-up

The inverted push-up requires no equipment. Start by standing with your legs 2 to 3 feet from a wall. Place your palms on the wall. Slowly lower your chest to the wall by bending your elbows and then slowly push your body back to the starting position. Repeat this exercises 10 to 12 times, depending on your ability.

Standing Chest Stretch

According to WebMD author Barbara Sarnataro, stretching is an important component of a comprehensive strength-training program. Each workout session should be completed with stretches of the muscles that have been worked. Start the standing chest stretch by standing with your feet hip-width apart, toes pointing forward and your arms at your sides. Stiffen your abdominal muscles and then pull your shoulders down and back, without arching your lower back. To complete the stretch, exhale, slightly lift your chest up and out while rotating the shoulders outward and drawing your shoulder blades together and back. Hold for shoulders for 15 to 30 seconds. Do two to four repetitions.

Bottle-Feeding vs. Breastfeeding Pros & Cons

Bottle-feeding and breastfeeding are two options available to any woman who gives birth to a newborn child. Both bottle-feeding and breastfeeding come with pros and cons, though in general breastfeeding is considered the better option for various reasons. Before you can make a well-educated decision about whether to breastfeed or bottle-feed your baby, you need to weigh the pros and cons of both options.

Baby Health and Breastfeeding

For a baby's health, the best option is breastfeeding. Breast milk is easier for the baby to digest, so problems like constipation are uncommon or nonexistent. It also provides the baby with antibodies from the mother, creating a stronger immune system. Breast milk goes even further by providing the baby with perfect and well-balanced nutrition. The baby has all of her needs relating to vitamins and minerals met through breast milk.

Cost of Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding is much less expensive than formula feeding. The milk is naturally produced and does not require bottles or formula, which can be expensive and add up quickly. In general, most mothers can either feed the baby for free or have minimal feeding costs. Some mothers might require nursing pads and nursing bra, but the price is much lower than the cost of the formula-related supplies.

Inconvenience of Breastfeeding

In the case of a working mother or a busy mom with other children, she may find that breastfeeding is inconvenient. Only the mother is able to feed the baby, or she must use a breast pump to create a supply of milk when she is not available. If she is busy and the baby is hungry, she must stop what she is doing and feed the baby. In public locations, she may have to go out of her way to feed the baby by leaving the room or covering up with a blanket.

Convenience of Bottle-Feeding

The main pros relating to bottle-feeding are a matter of convenience. In most situations, allowing others to prepare the formula and feed the baby from a bottle is convenient because sometimes Daddy can feed the baby, a babysitter can feed the baby and Mommy can go back to work without needing to worry about using a pump.

Baby Health and Bottle-Feeding

In some situations, such as when the mother has a disease that passes through breast milk, or when she is taking medications that are potentially harmful to the baby, feeding the baby from a bottle is better for his health. For example, if a woman had cancer, she would need to take medications that are not healthy for the baby and thus bottle-feeding is the healthier option.

Cons of Bottle-Feeding

The cons of bottle-feeding are numerous. In general, bottle-feeding is not as healthy for a baby because it provides less balanced nutrition for the baby's constantly changing needs. It also does not provide antibodies, possibly resulting in a weaker overall immune system. Formula also comes with a very high financial cost, typically ranging from around $50 to $200 per month, depending on the brand.

How to Use a Breastfeeding Pump

A breastfeeding pump is designed to help nursing mothers produce more breast milk and store that milk when the baby is away from the mother. Using a breastfeeding pump is not difficult for most women. A pump can help you feed your baby breast milk even after you have returned to work or if you must be away from your baby for a prolonged period.

Instructions

1

Make sure all working parts are in order. Breastfeeding pumps are either hand operated or electric pumps. Both types of pumps will have a mechanism to control the speed of the pump, a base for a container or a bottle and mechanism that fits over both breasts or a single breast. The speed mechanism is often adjustable. The base should be clean. Any bottles you use should also be as clean as possible. If you see any dirt, dip a cloth in hot water and wash thoroughly. Some breast pumps can be placed in the dishwasher. Read the instructions carefully to determine if your model is dishwasher safe.

2

Place a bottle or other container on the base of the pump. Some breastfeeding pumps have specially made bottles that you must use. Other models allow you to fit any bottle you want in the empty space.

3

Lift up your top and open your bra. You may want to buy specially designed nursing bras. A nursing bra allows you to lift the flap of the front of bra without having to remove the entire bra.

4

Place the mechanism over your entire nipple and turn it on. You should hear a sound indicating that the mechanism is working. You should start to see milk flowing down into the container. Many electric breast pumps will let you control the speed of the pumping. If your breasts are sore from prior breast feeding, start the mechanism very slowly to avoid adding to the soreness.

5

Let the breast pump continue to work as the container fills. When you feel you have enough milk in one breast, stop the mechanism, pull it away slowly, wipe it off with a cloth dipped in hot water and attach it to the other breast if desired. Some models have two collection cups that let you pump from both breasts at the same time. This function can be quite useful if you have limited pumping time.

6

Wash the collection mechanism in hot water before using it again. You can store bottles full of breast milk in the refrigerator.

Can You Get Pregnant While Nursing A Baby?

Most women hear at one time or another that nursing a baby can serve as a form of birth control. Although you can get pregnant while nursing a baby, your chances of pregnancy vary depending upon the factors surrounding your nursing experience.

The Facts

Women typically experience a period of natural infertility following the birth of a child during which they do not ovulate. If you breastfeed, this period of infertility usually lasts at least three months, but according to La Leche League International, nursing exclusively can cause it to last as long as 14.6 months (on average).

Early Lactation

According to La Leche League International, your chances of conceiving while breastfeeding are less than 2 percent as long as your baby is under 6 months of age, your baby is breastfeeding on demand and your periods have not returned yet.

Considerations

Regardless of your baby's age, you are more likely to get pregnant while nursing a baby if you supplement with formula or your baby has started eating solid foods.

Factors

Factors that affect your return of fertility while nursing a baby include the frequency that you nurse (how many times in 24 hours) and the duration that you nurse (how many minutes your baby nurses each time).

Expert Insight

According Dr. Robert Zurawin, M.D., an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, you typically ovulate (release a ripe egg) for the first time after pregnancy about two weeks before your first menstrual cycle. If you've engaged in unprotected sex during that time period, you could technically conceive without ever having a period.

Natural Ways to Increase Breast Milk Supply

With a newborn in arms, mothers have the task of returning to their pre-pregnancy lives while caring for their infants. Some mothers choose to nurture their babies while bottle-feeding; others choose to breast-feed and still others use a combination of methods to ensure their babies thrive during infancy. Some babies fail to reach weight-specific milestones during this time, and doctors may recommend more frequent feedings or supplementing breast-feeding with bottle-feeding to ensure the baby has the nutrients needed to grow properly. Mothers may wish to increase their breast milk supply so that they do not have to supplement with formula.

Feed More Often

Your baby's demand for milk determines your production of milk. To increase milk supply, allow your baby to nurse whenever he wants. The more he nurses, the more milk you produce. Nursing for longer periods will also allow him access to more milk. Offering both breasts to him at each feeding helps encourage more milk intake. If baby falls asleep during feeding, try to gently awaken him and encourage more feeding. It is important to be sure he latches onto the breast properly. If he does not have a good latch on the nipple, he may not take in as much milk as he needs to feel satisfied. Nursing baby whenever he wants and being sure he nurses 8 to 10 times a day (at least every three hours) will ensure he has lots of time at the breast. Milk production will increase to keep up with the higher demand for milk.

Pump

If you return to work while your baby is still breast-feeding, you may experience a drop in milk production since your baby is not at the breast while you are at work. Taking a breast pump to work and pumping during times when your baby would usually be feeding is a good way to maintain breast milk supply. Most employers will allow you to use a private space to pump milk for your baby. In some cases, state law requires employers to provide such space. Some breast pumps also come with battery packs and car-operated power cords so breast pumping can be done in a vehicle. Driving while pumping is not recommended.

Herbs

Herbs that increase breast milk supply are called galactagogues. Although herbal galactagogues are not pharmaceutical preparations, they do cause reactions in the body and should be taken with caution. Some common galactagogues are fenugreek and fennel. There are teas, tablets and capsules available. Some herbs have other effects such as causing uterine contractions and allergic reactions. Be sure to follow your doctor's or herbalist's advice regarding the use of herbs.

Considerations

Staying adequately hydrated and drinking a tall glass of water at each feeding will help your body produce enough milk for your baby. Pacifiers and bottles can impede baby's time at the breast, so allow your baby to suckle only at the breast to promote increased milk production.

How to Lose Tummy Weight After a C-Section

Weight gain in pregnancy is natural, but it can be hard to shift the excess weight after giving birth. You probably feel tired a lot of the time, and exercising can seem like a chore that you don't have time for. The good news is it can be done, but don't push yourself too hard; it's best to lose weight slowly after giving birth, especially after a C-section. Set yourself realistic goals. It might take six months or more to get back to your normal weight, but don't give up!

Instructions

1

Breastfeed. It's a natural way to lose baby fat. Your body has gained weight partly to be able to feed your baby between 200 and 500 calories each day, so by breastfeeding, you will be losing weight the way nature intended, says pregnancy-info.net.

2

Exercise. You may feel too exhausted, but light exercise will actually increase your energy level and improve self-esteem as well as help you shed pounds. Talk to your doctor about how long to wait before starting a regime, and don't push yourself too much. According to pregnancy-info.net, you should wait at least six weeks after a vaginal birth and eight weeks after a C-section before you start exercising.

3

Take your baby with you. If you don't have time to exercise alone, don't worry. Take your baby for a walk in the park or invest in a jogging stroller and go for a gentle run.

4

Meet other moms. You are not the only new mom who wants to lose weight. Invite other mothers to join you, or set up a babysitting circle, so some mothers care for the children while the others exercise.

5

Eat well. It may be tempting to gorge on high-calorie snacks throughout the day, but by filling your diet with whole grains, legumes and fresh fruit and vegetables, you will get all the nutrients your body needs to be able to care for your child, while staying full longer.

6

Watch your eating habits. If you have been "eating for two," it's time to cut down on your portion sizes. Don't skip meals, though, as it is important to consume nutrients throughout the day.

How to Lose Weight Quickly Before Pregnancy

Losing weight quickly before pregnancy is an idea that occurs to many women. You may be hoping you'll regain your slim shape more quickly after the baby is born. Or you might want to lose weight to improve your health for the sake of the baby. Either way, your weight loss goal should always be centered on health rather than appearances. Never is this more true than in the months before you become pregnant.

Instructions

1

See your doctor for a complete check up. Tell your doctor you are trying to lose weight and also that you want to become pregnant. Your doctor will advise you on how long you should wait after losing weight before trying to conceive.

2

Lose no more than 2 pounds a week. If you doctor advises you to lose weight more slowly, abide by her recommendations. Any weight loss beyond 2 pounds each week represents some loss of muscle mass, which will make it harder to lose baby weight after pregnancy.

3

Eat a highly nutritious diet that includes adequate protein for building and maintaining muscle mass, and plenty of carbohydrates for energy. The USDA recommends 46 grams of protein for women age 19 to 70, but you may need a little more if you are very active. Generally 10 to 35 percent of your daily calories should come from protein, with 20 percent being a good estimate for the average active woman. You need about 5 daily servings of carbohydrates, which will amount to roughly 50 percent of your daily calories. The balance of your calories should come from fruits and vegetables--at least 5 servings each day. Eliminate foods from your diet that contain empty sugar and fat calories. Also, very high protein or low carbohydrate diets can stress your metabolic systems, and should be avoided prior to pregnancy.

4

Take a daily multivitamin recommended by your doctor. Many OB/GYNs will recommend you begin taking a prenatal vitamin even before trying to conceive. This way you can be sure your body has all the nutrients necessary for the formation of the placenta and your baby's fundamental body systems.

5

Exercise daily. At least 20 minutes of strenuous cardiovascular exercise, at least 4 days a week, is necessary for maintaining fitness. For weight loss, 45 minutes, 6 days a week is recommended. Cardiovascular exercise is the most immediately efficient calorie-burning activity. Walking, running, swimming, biking, dance and aerobics classes are all good aerobic exercises. Team sports and circuit weight training can also provide aerobic benefits as long as you are moving continuously. Resting periodically and allowing your heart rate to slow will significantly reduce the aerobic and calorie-burning benefits of your workout.

6

Incorporate strength training into your exercise routine. Building your muscle mass will increase your overall calorie consumption, even while you're at rest. Plus, your increased muscle mass will help you shed your pregnancy weight more quickly, as well as adding firmness and definition to your shape.

How to Introduce Cow's Milk to a Breastfed Baby

Although breastmilk provides all the nutrients that baby needs and contains higher amounts of iron than cow's milk, mothers who are trying to wean may want to introduce cow's milk as an alternative source of calcium. Introducing cow's milk to a breastfed baby is usually quite simple, and most babies will take to it with no difficulties.

Instructions

Introducting Cow's Milk to the Breastfed Baby

1

Wait until your baby is a year old to introduce cow's milk. Early exposure to cow's milk can increase the probability that your baby will develop allergies or other adverse reactions later in life. If you have a family history of milk allergies, consult with a physician before introducing cow's milk. According to a 1994 study by the American Academy of Pediatrics, exposing infants to cow's milk too early could increase the chances of developing diabetes mellitus.

2

Choose the right time of day. Your baby may not tolerate milk well at first. Introduce cow's milk in mid-morning or afternoon to avoid being kept up all night by fussiness.

3

Introduce small amounts of milk. As with any new foods, be sure that you don't overwhelm baby's developing digestive system by giving him large amounts of milk. Begin with a few ounces of milk two or three times a week, and slowly increase the amount, observing baby's reactions.

4

Mix milk with another beverage or food that your baby already likes. According to safekids.co.uk's online article, "Transitioning to Cow's Milk," many babies do not like the taste of cow's milk, so it may help to disguise it by adding it to one of baby's favorite foods. For example, if your baby likes oatmeal, use milk instead of water or formula the next time you prepare it.

5

Continue breastfeeding. If you are introducing cow's milk with the intent to wean, be aware that this may take some time. Abrupt weaning is difficult for both mom and baby.

Custody & Visitation of Infant Children in Divorce

One of the most difficult aspects of a divorce is deciding how to split time with the children. In many cases, neither parent likes the idea of having to spend a significant time away from the children. It is important to come up with an agreement that works best for the children involved, rather than the parents, especially when it comes to the custody and visitation for an infant.

Custody

The first question to answer is who will have custody of the child. In many states, joint legal custody is always presumed to be in the child's best interests, which means both parents have equal rights to make decisions and access records. When children are older, many states also grant joint physical custody, which refers to where the child lives. According to the parenting time guidelines of many states, in the case of an infant, it is important for the bond with the primary caregiver to continue. However, if the other parent is available more often to watch the infant, he may get more time to avoid putting the infant in daycare. Courts prefer for any child to be in the care of a parent at all times if possible.

Visitation While Breastfeeding

Some mothers choose to breastfeed their infants. These infants must eat more frequently and need their mother to eat. Some mothers are able to pump so the father can bottle feed the infant, but some infants will not take a bottle. While the infant is breastfeeding, it is important that the visitation takes place with the mother nearby or for shorter periods of time. Many breastfed babies must eat every two to three hours, so there is not much time to spend with the infant in between feedings.

Frequency

The frequency of visitation for an infant is typically more often than that of older children. Because an infant's memory is shorter, he will more quickly forget his other parent if there is too much time between visits. This can cause extra stress on the infant and create a higher likelihood of separation anxiety. When the other parent spends a few hours at a time several times a week with the infant, he becomes bonded to this other parent in addition to his primary caregiver. The key is to create a bond between the infant and both parents. For example, in Indiana, it is not recommended that an infant go more than two days without seeing the other parent, so the noncustodial parent is given three visits of two hours each during the week and two hours on all holidays.

Length of Visits

While a breastfed infant must be fed by her mother every two or three hours, a formula-fed infant can go three to four hours between feedings. However, even with the longer period of time between feedings and the ability of the father to feed the infant just as easily as the mother, the length of the visits should be shorter, according to Woman's Divorce. This is especially true when the infant is still a newborn. The older the infant gets, the more time they can spend together. According to the Vermont Bar Journal, some states do not recommend overnight visits for infants, though others think they are beneficial. Others, such as Indiana, allow overnights for infants as long as both parents are capable of caring for the infant.

Signs & Symptoms of Mild Anemia

If you are feeling weak or worn out seemingly for no reason, it may be a good idea to visit your doctor and have your blood checked for anemia. This condition can cause otherwise healthy individuals to feel down in the dumps. Anemia is not contagious. Many forms of anemia are treatable through dietary supplementation and by eating foods that contain high amounts of a deficient vitamin or mineral.

Definition

Anemia, the most common disorder pertaining to red blood cells, is experienced when the cells in the body become oxygen-deficient. This occurs when the amount of hemoglobin in the blood becomes inadequate. Essentially, the cells of the body become deprived of life-giving oxygen molecules.

Types

Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body does not have an adequate supply of iron to manufacture hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the body's cells. This is the most common form of anemia. Folic acid deficiency anemia occurs when the body doesn't have enough folic acid to help red blood cells mature. This is the second-most-common form of anemia. Anemia that is caused by deficiencies such as these may be categorized as mild, as the deficiencies are easily treatable with diet and supplementation.

Warning Signs

Warning signs of anemia include feeling tired, faint, dizzy, out of breath or generally bad; having pale skin, gums, nail beds or eyelid linings; or having bluish lips. In women, increased bleeding during their period, or an absence of a menstrual cycle, may indicate anemia.

Symptoms

In addition to these common signs, many people with anemia experience an accelerated heartbeat, particularly when they exercise, as well as shortness of breath, headaches and difficulty concentrating.
Specific to iron deficiency anemia is a craving for substances such as dirt or paper. Having a sore mouth or cracks at the corners of the mouth are other common symptoms of iron deficiency anemia.
A person who has folic acid anemia may experience symptoms such as the loss of the sense of touch or a "pins and needles" sensation in the hands or feet. Clumsiness or difficulty walking may be observed. More serious symptoms include dementia, hallucinations, paranoia and schizophrenia.

Risk Factors

Those most at risk for developing anemia include pregnant or breastfeeding women, older women, infants, toddlers and adolescents. Only 2 percent of males, compared with 9 percent of females, are diagnosed with anemia. Individuals who consume large amounts of alcohol are more susceptible to developing folic acid deficiency anemia, due to the fact that alcohol interferes with the metabolic processing of folic acid.

Treatment

A doctor can check iron and folic acid levels in your blood to determine whether you have anemia. Upon diagnosis, he may instruct you to follow a specific course of nutrition and supplementation. Foods that provide necessary levels of iron to combat iron deficiency anemia include liver, lean red meat, poultry, fish, wheat germ and green leafy vegetables. Foods that provide high levels of folic acid include fresh and uncooked fruits and vegetables, whole grains, spinach, broccoli and orange juice.
Drinking orange juice is also a good way to get vitamin C, which the body needs to help with iron absorption. Your doctor may also recommend limiting tea consumption and avoiding antacids, as both have been shown to interfere with this process.

Can Breastfeeding Be Unhealthy?

Breastfeeding is almost always the best way to feed your baby. A very few medical conditions -- yours or your baby's -- make breastfeeding a dangerous or unhealthy option. Despite what you might hear, babies are almost never "allergic" to breast milk or unable to tolerate it for other reasons. They might be allergic to some of the foods in your diet, but changing your diet removes the risk.

Galactosemia

The main sugar in milk, lactose, consists of two sugars, galactose and glucose. A very small number of infants -- around 1 in 30,000 to 60,000, according to the Genetics Home Research website -- lack the enzymes to break down galactose and absorb it into the body. If a baby with this condition drinks breast milk, he will become malnourished and lethargic, experiencing both physical and developmental delays. He might also develop severe infections and/or shock, liver disease and kidney problems. Galactosemia is one of the few absolute contraindications to breastfeeding your baby.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Doctors test all babies born in United States hospitals for phenylketonuria, better known as PKU. Around one in 10,000 to 15,000 infants in the United States tests positive for this genetic disorder at birth, the March of Dimes reports. Babies with this disorder lack enzymes that break down phenylalanine, an amino acid. Phenylalanine then builds up in the blood and can cause death. Babies with this disease must avoid milk. Breast milk has lower levels of phenylalanine than cow's milk; you might be able to nurse your baby for part of his nourishment and supply the rest with phenylalanine-free formulas. This might not be possible, though, depending on the severity of his disease.

Congenital Lactose Intolerance

Lactose intolerance affects around 65 percent of people worldwide, but generally doesn't develop until after age 3 or later, when babies no longer rely on milk as their primary food. Congenital lactose intolerance, which occurs at birth, affects just 1 in 60,000 or fewer newborns, according to the Genetics Home Reference. Babies with this condition can develop severe diarrhea, which leads to dehydration and weight loss, if they consume breast milk.

Maternal Conditions

If you have certain health conditions or take some medications, it's better for your baby if you don't breastfeed. These include human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, or active and untreated tuberculosis. Other contraindications to breastfeeding include street drug use or use of chemotherapy or anti-retroviral medications. If you're undergoing radiation treatment, you should not be breastfeeding while in active treatment. If you have any chronic or acute health condition, ask your doctor if it's safe to breastfeed your baby.

What Else Do You Feed a Newborn When Breastfeeding?

If you're nursing a newborn, breast milk should be the only thing on his menu. Actually, when you're breastfeeding a newborn, you really don't have time to feed him anything else. Breast milk provides all the nutrition your baby needs; anything else simply decreases his appetite for nursing, which can hinder your milk supply. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding -- and nothing else -- for around the first six months of life.

The Importance of Frequent Nursing

Breast milk follows the laws of supply and demand: whatever your baby removes, your breasts will make the next day. To get your newborn baby to take more milk out, you need to give him many opportunities to nurse and stimulate your breasts. Nursing your newborn between eight and 12 times each day helps build up your milk supply. Giving him anything else to eat or drink decreases his interest in frequent nursing.

Formula

It's rarely a good idea to supplement breast milk with formula, unless your doctor or lactation consultant specifically suggests it. In the newborn period, giving your baby bottles -- which require much less effort from your baby -- can lead to refusal to nurse, because he doesn't want to have to work harder for his food. If you do have to supplement with formula, talk to a lactation consultant about using methods other than a bottle, such as using an eyedropper, a spoon, a medicine cup or other method that won't cause nipple confusion and decrease your baby's sucking drive. Wait at least one month before giving your baby a bottle or even a pacifier, Kids Health suggests.

Water

Newborns don't need supplemental water, despite what your mother or grandmother might tell you. There's plenty of water in breast milk -- water makes up around 88 percent of breast milk, according to international board-certified lactation consultant Kelly Bonyata. Drinking water can fill your baby up so he doesn't want to nurse. Too much water can also cause oral water intoxication, a potentially serious condition that dilutes your baby's sodium levels and can cause seizures, the St. Louis Children's Hospital warns. If you do offer your baby water, give him no more than two to three ounces at a time and only after he's nursed first.

Solid Foods

It's tempting to listen to friends or relatives who suggest giving your newborn cereal or other solid foods to help him sleep through the night. But this logic is flawed on several levels. Solids won't help your baby sleep longer; he has a tiny stomach and needs to eat every two to four hours to grow. Studies such as one conducted by the Cleveland Clinic and published in 1998 in the "American Journal of Diseases of Children" show babies as young as four weeks old given cereal don't sleep any longer when cereal is added to their diet. Cereal in a bottle can present a choking hazard.

Milk Allergy in a Baby and a Rash

When a mother notices a rash on her baby, it can be quite alarming. Rashes can be caused by many things in infants, including milk allergies. Milk allergies can be caused by infant formula and by breastfeeding mothers consuming dairy products. This can be managed at home, but parents should always visit the family doctor if there is a concern about the baby.

Milk Allergies in Babies

According to Dr. Paul's website, allergies to cow's milk are common in babies and young children. Many children grow out of this allergy by 3 years old, but it can still be troubling when it happens to young babies. The allergy to cow's milk is caused by the milk protein. Breastfed babies are less likely to have allergic reactions, but in some cases, milk allergies do occur. Formula-fed infants tend to have milk allergies more often than breastfed babies. Milk allergies can cause rashes, abdominal pains, vomiting and diarrhea. If parents suspect a baby has allergies, he should see the family doctor.

Causes of Rashes in Babies

In young babies, rashes can be very common, yet still surprising to parents. As mentioned on Dr. Sears' website, there are a number of things that cause infant rashes, including allergies, viral illnesses, bug bites and heat rash. Babies can also develop a rash around the mouth from rubbing against parents' clothing, drooling and pacifier use. If parents notice a strange rash on the baby, a call to the doctor may be an easy way to get some answers.

Treatment of Baby Milk Allergy

If parents suspect a milk allergy in the baby, you can try several things at home. If the baby is breastfed, the mother can eliminate dairy products from her own diet. Milk protein can pass through breast milk, so often the allergy symptoms can be cleared up simply by a dairy-free diet. Kids Health mentions that parents of a formula-fed infant can try switching to a soy-based formula. If soy still causes a reaction, there are hypoallergenic formulas that parents can try. If the baby eats solids, parents should be sure to avoid feeding her any dairy in her own diet. If these steps don't eliminate the symptoms, then parents should phone the family doctor.

Treatment of Rashes in Babies

Depending on the cause of an infant rash, there are a few treatments available. If the rash is caused by allergies, simply eliminating these from the diet can work wonders. If the rash is viral, parents should figure out what the doctor recommends for the baby, although viruses tend to clear up with time. Heat rash can be reduced by keeping the baby in cool clothing and out of the sun. Rashes around the mouth are common in babies and young children and can be hard to prevent. Dr. Sears mentions that rashes around the mouth are a normal part of childhood.

When To Be Concerned

If a baby has a rash but is still behaving normally, it is probably not necessary to visit a doctor. If the rash is accompanied by other symptoms, such as a fever and vomiting, then it would be a good idea to take the baby in for an appointment. Any rash lasting longer than four weeks should be checked by a professional. If the rash doesn't turn white when pressed or appears to be flat and under the skin, it requires urgent attention. This is called petechiae, and, according to Dr. Sears, this can be a sign of a serious infection. Parents should always check to make sure rashes are not petechiae.

Home Remedies for Newborn Jaundice

When a baby is born, one of the first things that the medical staff assesses is the color of the infant. This is because a healthy color means that organs are functioning properly and that the baby is receiving sufficient oxygen as it breathes its first breaths. Sometimes, however, infants encounter a yellowish coloring known as jaundice. This common condition, caused by a build up of bilirubin in the infant's body, can be remedied at home.

Sunlight

Get the baby into light. Sunlight helps the infant's body break down the chemical bonds of the bilirubin naturally. Many doctors who know this will prescribe phototherapy with special light lamps in severe cases of jaundice. Sunlight can be a safe alternative to such lights and is completely free. One warning about placing a baby in sunlight, however, is that it must be done sparingly and thus may not be a complete substitute for phototherapy lights. This is because the skin of a newborn is extremely sensitive and can burn easily.

Increased Food Intake

Increase food intake for the newborn. Increasing food intake is a good treatment for newborn jaundice because, especially in the case of breastfeeding, it encourages mother-child bonding through the feeding and assists the newborn in gaining weight after birth. It works as a treatment because bilirubin can be flushed from the body through the infant's bowel movements and urine. This means that more bilirubin will be flushed from the infant's body the more that the infant eats. In this regard, it is important to realize that breastfed infants usually eat more often than formula fed infants, because formula is digested more slowly than breast milk. As long as the infant has a good number of wet and soiled diapers, breast milk and formula feeding are acceptable methods of feeding the newborn during jaundice. Breastfeeding mothers may need to supplement with formula until their milk is fully in, however.

Frequent Symptom Check

Check the infant often for signs of jaundice, which cannot be remedied unless the caregiver notices the infant's yellow color. Often this does not happen because the increase in yellow tint is gradual and the caregiver therefore does not notice the change and doesn't check the infant. Caregivers should check for jaundice at the same time every day and in the same light so that they have a level of consistency for comparison. Jaundice appears from the head down, so caregivers should pay particular attention to the head and whites of the infant's eyes. If these begin to have a yellow tint, the other jaundice remedies may be needed.

How to Wean a Baby Off a Nipple Shield

A nipple shield is a piece of silicone, latex or rubber that fits over a mother's nipple while she breastfeeds. Nipple shields can help a woman successfully breastfeed if she is having difficulty because her baby was premature, she has flat or inverted nipples, or a poor latch has damaged her nipples. However, mothers hope to eventually wean off the shields, since they can reduce milk supply and can be a hassle to use. When you are ready to transition your baby from a nipple shield, remember that the process requires patience and commitment. It can take anywhere from two days to more than a month to wean your baby completely.

Instructions

1

Choose the right time to attempt breastfeeding without the nipple shield. Look for the beginning signs of hunger, such as rooting or sucking on her hands, and attempt breastfeeding before your baby has gotten too hungry. A starving baby may not have the patience to try to figure how to get milk from a bare breast. You can also try to breastfeed when your baby is sleepy, since she may accept the breast more easily than when she is completely awake.

2

Prime your breast so your baby will have an easier time getting milk. Grasp your breast along the edge of the areola -- as if you are holding a sandwich you are about to bite. This makes your breast firmer so it will feel more like the nipple shield. Roll your nipple between your fingers or put ice on it to make it harder. Hand-express or pump long enough that you have a let-down. This will give your baby an immediate reward when he starts nursing.

3

Offer a bare breast to your baby and see if she will breastfeed. Try a couple of times, but if your baby becomes frustrated, stop. If your baby develops negative associations with breastfeeding, it will make weaning off the nipple shield more difficult.

4

Let your baby begin breastfeeding with the nipple shield in place. Wait until you have a let-down and notice a pause in your baby's sucking. Gently remove your baby from your breast, slip off the shield and then swiftly try relatching him. If he refuses to breastfeed, you can put the shield back on and try again at a later time.

5

Feed your baby on one breast with the shield and then offer your bare breast when you switch her to the other side. Again, if your baby refuses to nurse, you can just slip the shield back on and try another time.

6

Stay calm and continue gently attempting to breastfeed without the nipple shield. Don't worry about weaning your baby as quickly as possible. International board certified lactation consultant Nancy Mohrbacher points out that it is best to let your baby use the nipple shield as long as he needs. Babies will typically give up the shield when they are ready, sometimes with little to no effort.

How to Treat Jogger's Nipple

Jogger's nipple is a condition suffered by runners which includes irritation, dryness and bleeding of the affected nipple. Jogger's nipple can affect one or both nipples, and is caused by the friction of clothing rubbing the nipple while running. It is easily treatable.

Instructions

1

Wash the affected nipple with water only. Using soap to cleanse the affected nipple may lead to further irritation and delay healing.

2

Expose the affected nipple to air several times during the day. This will allow the nipple to dry naturally without excess moisture buildup.

3

Apply petroleum jelly to the affected nipple. This will provide the nipple with lubrication and protection from rubbing irritation.

4

Protect the affected nipple. Covering the affected nipple with cotton padding or bandages during exercise will help protect it.

5

Wear clean cotton undergarments. Cotton is a breathable fabric and will allow proper air flow to the affected nipple.

6

Alter your exercise routine. Although jogger's nipple is treatable, the affected nipple may be extremely sore. Resting the nipple will give your body time to heal naturally.

How to Stay Bonded to a Baby When Going Back to Work

For many new mothers, the idea or act of returning to work is fraught with stress. Its exciting to get back into the swing of normal life and enjoy lunches with co-workers. However, the idea of leaving baby for several hours creates a different kind of stress. According to pediatrician Dr. Alan Greene, author of "From First Kids to First Steps," many mothers are worried that their babies might forget them after returning to work and being away for several hours a day. Instead of stressing about the time youre away, make the most of the opportunities at home to bond with your baby.

Instructions

1

Contact your baby while at work. For example, if your baby is in day care, ask one of the workers to hold the phone to your babys ear so you can say Hi. Parenting magazine also recommends spending your lunch hour using the Internet to video chat with your baby.

2

Cuddle with your baby while breast- or bottle-feeding. If youre not breastfeeding, pay attention that you give your baby every bottle. If you are breastfeeding or feeding him with a bottle, make as much skin to skin contact as possible. During this time, stroke your babys hair and share some quiet alone time together.

3

Give your baby an infant massage. According to KidsHealth, healthy, premature and medically compromised babies all respond to and will enjoy an infant massage. If youre unsure how to perform a massage on your baby, KidsHealth recommends speaking to your pediatrician or purchasing a video or book on the procedure. Whatever you do, remember that her skin is sensitive, so use a gentle touch.

4

Play a silly game or read a book to your baby. According to HelpGuide, smiling, laughing and speaking to your baby are as vital to his development as sleep and food. Play a silly game on the floor, read an age-appropriate book or simply gaze into your babys eyes while you tell him how much you love him. HelpGuide also urges mothers to watch for cues their baby is tired or overstimulated, such as restlessness or crying. If your baby becomes tired or overstimulated, allow him to take a nap or spend time cooling down before interacting again.

How to Cure a New Breastfeeding Mother From the Flu

Catching the flu while you are recovering from labor and delivery, learning to breastfeed and care for a newborn is a lot for a woman to handle. Recovering from the flue while you are breastfeeding can pose some unique treatment problems, but there are ways to get well without harming your nursing infant.

Instructions

1

Call your doctor. It's always best to check in with your OB/GYN to tell her your symptoms and make sure you don't need an office visit. She will reassure you on the list of safe medications to take while nursing as well.

2

Rest. It may seem impossible, but you need to get as much rest as possible so that your body can recuperate. This is the time to call on your neighbor, your parent, your sibling, or your spouse or partner to help with the baby so that you can sleep. Allow your body the rest it needs to fight off the virus.

3

Take a fever reducer and pain reliever. Acetaminophen (or Tylenol) is considered the safest option while nursing, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). This will help those aches and pains, plus keep down a high fever. Be sure not to exceed the recommended dosage, though. Taking too much acetaminophen can cause permanent liver damage.

4

Drink plenty of fluids. It's important to stay well hydrated when you have the flu. You should increase your intake of fluids while nursing anyway, according to the Mayo Clinic. Try broth, water or juice to help keep dehydration at bay.

5

Use approved nasal sprays and decongestants. If your symptoms include a runny nose or congestion, take Afrin, a spray, or Sudafed, a decongestant, or both. Both are safe while nursing, and could help you sleep if those symptoms are interfering with your ability to rest.

Information on a Career As a Lactation Consultant

A lactation consultant is a medical professional who assists new mothers with breastfeeding. Lactation consultants assist mothers during the nursing process.

History

The need for lactation consultants was first observed during the 1980s when the positions began to appear at women's hospitals. The field has grown since and both an American and International association for lactation consultants have been established.

Location

Lactation consultants work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, offices of obstetricians, centers that offer Lamaze or parental education, and at other community locations. In some areas, lactation consultants may have their own private offices or be located in a group with other consultants.

Function

The first few days following birth can be difficult for new mothers, and lactation consultants can provide tips and support during the first feedings. Later, consultants help mothers whose babies might not be thriving due to low milk production. Another service that lactation consultants offer is helping nursing mothers transition back to work with tips on pumping and maintaining milk supply.

Education

It is not required that a lactation consultant be a nurse prior to certification, though many are. The International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners provides structured training programs for prospective consultants in North and South America, Southeast Asia, Europe and the Middle East.

Certification

The International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners provides testing for the consultants. After passing the test, consultants are required to take yearly continuing education courses.

How to Get Rid of Breastfeeding Thrush

When breastfeeding your baby causes pain, you may have breastfeeding thrush. Follow these steps to end the discomfort.

Instructions

1

Determine if you have breastfeeding thrush. Thrush can be extremely painful and felt during nursing when something comes in contact with your nipples, or it can manifest itself as shooting pains deep in your breast. Nipples may be cracked, sore, flaky or have blisters. These are all signs of thrush.

2

Check to see if your baby has thrush. You may see white bumps that don't wipe off like milk in her mouth. Thrush may also cause your baby to have a diaper rash.

3

Consult your doctor for medication that may help get rid of breastfeeding thrush.

4

Buy some gentian violet at a drugstore. Coat your nipples with the purple liquid twice a day. You don't have to wash it off before nursing your baby. The gentian violet will come off on her but will help clear up the thrush in her mouth.

5

Wash all of your bras in hot water with bleach. Breastfeeding thrush can live through the wash otherwise. Wash all of your baby's toys and anything else that comes in contact with her mouth. You will need to boil any pacifiers or bottle nipples.

6

Use a mixture of 1 tbsp. of vinegar and 1 cup of water to rinse your nipples after every nursing session to help with the pain. Use a fresh swab to apply the solution each time.

7

Continue with these steps for 2 weeks after the breastfeeding thrush has seemed to fade. It is hard to get rid of breastfeeding thrush, and it may come back if treatment is ended too quickly.

How to Feed & Burp a Newborn

Feeding your newborn isn't rocket science, but it isn't without its pitfalls, either. Every baby is unique; what works for your first might not work with the second. Whether you're breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, it makes sense to follow the same basic guidelines: let your baby set the feeding pace and schedule, and use feeding times as opportunity for cuddling and bonding.

Instructions

1

Wake your baby every four hours to eat if he doesn't wake on his own. Don't let him sleep through the night for at least the first two weeks of life. Newborns need frequent meals so they grow normally and don't become dehydrated. If he's doing well at his two-week checkup, it's okay to let him sleep through, if you're so lucky, pediatrician Dr. Ari Brown, author of "Baby 411" and a spokesperson for the American Academy of Pediatrics explains on CNN.com.

2

Hold him closely, whether you're breastfeeding or bottle-feeding your baby. Obviously, you can't breastfeeding from a distance; that's one of breastfeeding's big advantages for your baby. Hold your baby the same way when you bottle-feed, including skin-to-skin contact if you want. Never prop a newborn's bottle; babies need close contact with their caregivers.

3

Interact with him during feedings. When you're a new mom, it's hard not to use feeding times to multi-task. But don't use feeding times as a time to talk on the phone or watch TV, at least not exclusively. Look at your baby, talk to him and get to know him during feeding times.

4

Position him for burping every few ounces while bottle-feeding or when you switch sides when breastfeeding. Hold him up over your shoulder, sit him up with support, or lie him on his stomach over your lap to burp him.

5

Pat or rub his his back gently while burping; if you pat too hard, he's more likely to spit up. A little spit-up is normal during burping; report projectile vomiting to your baby's doctor. Do your best to get the burp up before lying him down. It's tempting to just lie him down if he hasn't burped and he's asleep, but he's more likely to wake up in a short time with gas pains if you don't.

6

Watch your baby for signs that he's had enough. Don't force that last ounce of formula down him just because it's in the bottle; let him decide how much he needs to eat and how often, as long as he's growing and gaining weight. If you're breastfeeding, let him empty one breast, sucking for 15 to 20 minutes, before switching sides. He needs the hind milk, which comes at the end of the feeding and contains more fat, which will help him feel full.

7

Feed your baby on demand; he knows best what he needs and when. As he gets a little older, every cry might not be a hunger cry, but when he's a newborn, if it's been 1 1/2 hours since his last feeding, assume he's hungry and feed him. As long as he's getting eight to 12 feedings per day, he should get what he needs to grow, according to MayoClinic.com.

Breastfeeding & Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis has been called an "old woman's disease" because it afflicts some many women in their 60s and 70s. But osteoporosis is actually a pediatric condition with a geriatric outcome because bone density is primarily built during the adolescent years. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, pregnancy and breastfeeding have an effect on osteoporosis.

Identification

Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones that cause loss of bone density which may result in painful bone breaks. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services it is most common in women who have a small frame and a family history of osteoporosis. Women of Caucasian and Asian decent are more likely to develop osteoporosis than those of Hispanic or African decent, but women of all ethnic backgrounds are at risk.

Effects

Although osteoporosis typically presents in older women, it can be diagnosed at any stage of life, including during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Osteoporosis in the spine may result in sloping of the shoulders, a curvature of the back, loss of height, a protruding abdomen, back pain and a hunched over appearance. Easily broken bones are a common effect of osteoporosis, particularly in the wrists and hips.

Features

According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases pregnancy adds an additional demand on the mother's calcium supply because developing babies need a significant supply of calcium in order to properly develop their skeletal system. Breastfeeding mothers may lose between three and five percent of their bone mass during breastfeeding. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases notes that most breastfeeding women recover any lost bone mass soon after weaning.

Considerations

According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, teenagers who become pregnant may be at a higher risk for osteoporosis later in life. In order to minimize bone loss during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life, the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases recommends pregnant teenagers get sufficient calcium, either through diet or supplements.

Benefits

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases recommends women who are pregnant or breastfeeding eat a healthy, balanced diet that includes foods that are rich in calcium. Regular weight-bearing exercise, eliminating smoking from the mother's environment and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help to build and maintain bone mass. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases also notes that pregnancy may be good for a woman's overall bone health and may actually result in greater bone density and a lower risk of fractures. According to AskDrSears.com, women who have never breastfed are four times more likely to develop osteoporosis than breastfeeding women.