What Are Breast Cancer Signs During Lactation?

Numerous studies have shown that breastfeeding significantly reduces the lifetime risk of breast cancer. The development of breast cancer during lactation is very rare. When it does occur, diagnosis can be challenging because common warning signs of breast cancer include changes in breast size and shape---changes that also happen in normal, healthy breasts during lactation. A breastfeeding woman should follow regular breast cancer-screening recommendations for her age and recognize signs that warrant a consultation with her doctor.

Lumps

Lumps are often the first sign of breast cancer, but healthy breasts can feel lumpy during lactation. Most lumps in lactating breasts are caused simply by the breast being full or by plugged ducts or mastitis. These lumps disappear after feeding the baby or resolve within a few days of treatment for plugged ducts or mastitis. A breast lump should be examined by a doctor if it does not move or change over the course of time or after treatment for mastitis.

Puckered Skin

Puckering or dimpling in the skin of the breast should be examined by a doctor, especially when the puckering is over a lump that does not move or change.

Discharge

It is common for milk to leak between feedings, especially in the early weeks, so milky discharge is not a cause for concern. Clear discharge from the nipple that is different in appearance from milk should be reported to a doctor. Bloody nipple discharge should also be reported, although this can simply be a symptom of cracked nipples caused by the baby having a poor latch.

Redness

Breast redness is a sign of an uncommon form of breast cancer, but is more likely a symptom of mastitis. Redness is only cause for concern if it does not resolve after treating mastitis or if mastitis symptoms such as plugged ducts, fever and flu-like illness are not present.

Nipple Symptoms

Paget's disease of the nipple is a rare form of breast cancer that affects the nipple. Symptoms include redness, irritation and scaling or flaking of the skin on the nipple. In a breastfeeding woman, these are much more likely to be symptoms of a fungal or yeast infection of the nipple. A doctor can confirm the true cause of these symptoms and treat them appropriately.