Pregnancy and breastfeeding do not require special diets---everyone should eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, healthful fats and lean protein, per the Mayo Clinic. Since nutritional status directly relates to pregnancy outcome and baby's growth and development, a few nutrients require discussion with your medical provider.
Energy
Normal weight gain during pregnancy demands an additional 300 calories per day; lactation utilizes an additional 500 calories, according to the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services.
Protein
Most American women consume adequate protein so deficiency is uncommon. The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for pregnant or lactating women is 1.1 grams per kilogram of body weight/day to support baby's growth.
Fluid
Blood volume expansion and milk production increase a woman's fluid needs to three liters per day. Dehydration can contribute to preterm contractions and premature labor in the third trimester, according to University of Illinois McKinley Health Center.
Calcium
Without adequate calcium intake, baby depletes mother's bone stores. Calcium plays a role in maintaining bones, teeth, circulatory, muscular, and nervous systems. RDA recommends 1000 milligrams per day.
Folate
Folate prevents neural tube defects in the developing fetus, such as spina bifida. Deficiencies increase risk of preterm delivery. Daily Recommended Intake (DRI) for folate is 600 micrograms per day for pregnant women and 500 micrograms per day for lactating women.
Iron
Increased blood supply and iron stores for baby require additional iron. A deficiency increases risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight, per the Mayo Clinic. Pregnant women should ensure they obtain 27 milligrams per day. Needs decrease for lactating, non-menstruating women to nine milligrams per day.
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